Library:-

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The majority of websites use a  JavaScript library or web application framework as part of their client-side page scripting.

A JavaScript library is a library of pre-written JavaScript that allows for easier development of JavaScript-based applications

jQuery is the most popular library, used by over 70% of websites.

Libraries and Frameworks of JavaScript

Popular JavaScript libraries 

• jQuery
• MooTools
• Prototype
• Dojo
• YUI

These libraries can be great for accomplishing common JavaScript tasks and these libraries provide many functions, whether the matter is related to events or effects .

Some JavaScript libraries allow for easier integration of JavaScript with other web development technologies, such as CSS, PHP, Ruby, and Java. Many libraries include code to detect differences between runtime environments, and remove the need for applications to allow for such inconsistencies.

what is framework and its usage:

It is combination of certain components and packages.if you want to built some complex application there are certain things you need ready-made.

for example: If you want to build a web application you don’t want everything from scratch because it will be time-consuming.So using frame we can build an application without much more coding and in less time.

The advantages of using JavaScript frameworks:

• Efficiency – projects that used to take months and hundreds of lines of code now can be achieved much faster with well-structured prebuilt patterns and functions.
• Safety —The top javaScript frameworks have firm security arrangements and are supported by large communities where members and users also act as testers.
• Cost – most frameworks are open source and free. Since they help programmers to build custom solutions faster, the ultimate price for web app will be lower.

The Big 5 JavaScript Frameworks

The five JavaScript frameworks that currently dominate the market in terms of popularity and usage are:

• React
• Vue
• Angular
• Ember
• Backbone.js.
• Ajax

They each have large communities. If you are a front-end developer or are going to start your new project on front-end technologies, these five are your best bets. Here’s a look at the npm trends over the last six months.

1. React

Created by Facebook, the React framework has earned popularity within a short period. It is used to develop and operate the dynamic User Interface of the web pages with high incoming traffic.

React is the definite leader in the JS world. This JavaScript framework uses a reactive approach and also introduces many of its own concepts for front-end web development.we can use React with jQuery AJAX, fetch API, Superagent, and Axios.

Introduction to the React ecosystem:

• The React library plus React router for implementing routes.
• React-DOM for DOM manipulation.
• React developer tools for Firefox and Chrome browsers.
• React Create App command line interface to set up a React project.
• Redux and Axios libraries to organize communication with the backend team.
• React JSX, a markup language that mixes HTML into JavaScript.

No doubt, React is one of the most popular JavaScript frameworks. And, I think that React can be your first choice for creating advanced-grade apps.

2. Angular

The main benefit of Angular Ivy is that it is able to reduce the size of applications.

Angular today has become very advanced and modular to use for front-end development. Previously you could insert a link to the AngularJS library in the main HTML file, but now you can do the same by installing separate modules.

Angular’s flexibility is commendable. That’s why Angular’s 1.x versions are still in demand. However, many developers currently rely on Angular 2+ because of its MVC architecture which has changed substantially to a component based architecture.

Angular2 is a complete JavaScript framework with all the tools a modern front-end developer needs. You can choose Angular if you don’t like to work with additional libraries as with React. 

3. Vue.js

Vue 2.0 was also introduced in 2016 and it took the best from Ember, React and Angular, putting all that into a handy package. It is proved to be faster and leaner, comparing to React and Angular 2.0.

Going deeper, Vue.js offers two-way data binding server-side rendering ,Vue-cli (scaffolding tool for quick start) and optional JSX support. Its founder states that Vue 2 is one of the fastest frameworks all in all.

Vue.js is a better choice for quick development of cross-platform solutions. It can become a firm basis for high-end single page applications (SPAs) and beneficial solution to those cases, when performance is put ahead of good code organization or app structure.

4. Ember.js

Introduction of Ember.js to the software market in was 2015, and since then, it has gained popularity with its wide application area. The features of Ember.js support two-way data binding and hence, establish a reliable platform for handling the complicated User Interfaces.

Popular websites like LinkedIn, Netflix, Nordstrom, and many more use the Ember.JS platform for their websites.

• Creation of usable and comfortable to maintain JavaScript web applications.
• Ember.js provides the Ember Inspector tool for debugging Ember applications.
• It offers HTML and CSS of the development model at the core. 
• Ember.js offers routes that are the core features, use for managing the URL.
• Provides instance initializers.
• Ember.js uses templates and these templates help us for updating the model if the content of applications gets changed.

5. Backbone.js

It is one of the most popular JavaScript frameworks. This can be used to create Single Page Applications. The development of this framework involves the idea that all the server-side functions must flow through an API, which would help in achieving complex functionalities by writing less code.It is effortless to understand and learn.

Features:

• BackboneJS uses JavaScript functions, making the development of applications and the front-end in a much easier. 
• It is a backbone for any project and helps in the organization of the code.
• Building blocks such as models, views, events, routers, and collections are provided for assembling the client-side web applications.
• It is a simple library that helps in separating business and user interface logic.
• BackboneJS has a soft dependency on jQuery and a hard dependency on Underscore.js.
• It allows us to create client-side web applications or mobile applications in a well-structured and organized format
• It is a free and open-source library and contains over 100 available extensions.

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Sources: https://www.javascript.com/